甘油三酯 消化吸收

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胆汁酸盐(肝脏:胆固醇——>胆汁酸,存储在胆囊):在肠道中水解脂肪

◆ 脂类物质是疏水的,在血液中不能运输

脂质(琉水)+载脂蛋白(亲水)+磷脂和胆固醇(两亲)→ 血浆脂蛋白(亲水)

血浆脂蛋白种类

①CM (乳糜微粒);小肠合成转运外源性脂肪(小肠- >体内)

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VLDL (极低密度脂蛋白),肝脏合成转运内源性脂肪(肝→肝外组织)

LDL (低密度脂蛋白),血管中由VLDL脱脂肪形成转运胆固醇和磷脂至肝外

HDL (高密度脂蛋白),最初在肝脏合成收集肝外胆固醇和磷脂至肝

血浆脂蛋白代谢

LPL (lipoprteinlipase):脂蛋白脂肪酶——水解血液中的血浆脂蛋白

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脂肪动员

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脂肪动员:储存在脂肪细胞中的脂肪,被脂肪酶逐步水解为游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid, FFA)及甘油,并释放入血以供其他组织氧化利用的过程。

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脂肪酶激素敏感性甘油三酯脂肪酶,是限速酶。

脂肪酶是激素敏感性甘油三酯脂肪酶,是限速酶

肾上腺素、胰高血糖素、肾上腺皮质激素都可以激活腺苷酸环化酶,使cAMP浓度升高,促使依赖cAMP的蛋白激酶活化,后者使无活性的脂肪酶磷酸化,转变成有活性的脂肪酶,加速脂解作用。

胰岛素、前列腺素E1作用相反,可抑制脂解。